Population. In the Conception for development of Mongolia , it is stated that citizens of Mongolia with high levels of creative force, knowledge, education, spiritual and professional expertise are the source of the development of Mongolia .

Mongolian belongs to the Altaic family of languages. It originated from the ancient Mongolians dialect and now Mongolian includes the languages of north Mongolia or vowel harmony, such as central Mongolian, Buryat, Kalmyk, Afganistan Mogol and the languages of south Mongolia or languages without rules of vowel harmony, such as Daguur, Dunsyan (Santo), Mongor and Bayaoni. The development of Mongolian literary language is divided into three stages. The early stage of its history lasted from unknown times until about the fifth century A. D. The second stage started in the fifth century. The third stage began in the 1940s, when the grammar structures of the literary Mongolian developed. This stage is continuing until now.

The traditions and customs of Mongols have a wide range of common traditional practices and religious rituals.

Tsagaan Sar or White Month is one of Mongolia's two major and long-awaited holidays, the other being Naadam in July. For Mongols, Tsagaan Sar is not only an ancient holiday marking the end of winter and the beginning of a new year's cycle, but is also a time for unification and reinforcing social bonds.

 Naadam (Three manly games) that is how Mongols call one of two largest national holidays. The name of the festival means competition, sports. Indeed, it is a true test of manhood in such traditional games as horse racing, archery and wrestling. The wrestling enjoys special popularity comparable to that of baseball in the United States or sumo wrestling in Japan. The festival usually takes place in mid-summer, during a brief period between spring and autumn seasonal jobs.

Mongolia is one of the few countries in the temperate belt of the northern hemisphere with its vast territory, perfect ecosystem and virgin land. Mongolia ranked as the seventh largest country in Asia for its territory, which covers an area of 1.564.100 sq. km, larger than the overall combined territory of the United Kingdom , France , Germany and Italy . It is one of the land-locked countries.

Which are few Mongolia possesses a great range of natural ecosystems within its borders in the world. She is at the junction where the flora and fauna of Siberia are the very different species of the deserts and arid steppes of Central Asia . Largely unknown to the rest of the world until recent years, Mongolia’s unique combination of diverse landscapes, unspoiled habitat, and rare wild plant and animal species has become the subject of growing international attention and conversation efforts. From the Gobi to the Central Asian steppe to the coniferous forests of Siberia ’s taiga, Mongolia contains a great array of natural zones and associated flora and fauna. Mongolia divided into six basic natural zones, differing in climate, landscape, soil, flora and fauna.

Mongolia has a sharply continental climate, with long, cold, dry winters and brief, mild, and relatively wet summers. When Arctic air masses dominate in mid-winter, temperatures average -20°C to -35°C. In the Uvs Lake basin in northwestern Mongolia , known as one of the coldest places in all of Asia , the lowest temperature ever recorded is -58°C. By contrast, summer time temperatures in the Gobi desert climb as high as 40°C. Annual precipitation ranges from 600 mm in the Khentii, Altai, and Khuvsgul mountains to less than 100 mm in the Gobi . In some parts of the Gobi , no precipitation may fall for several years in a row. Mongolia has the 4 seasons of the year. There are summer, autumn, winter and spring.

Mongolia ’s diverse and distinctive vegetation includes an important part of Asia ’s plant life. Species representative of Siberia ’s coniferous taiga forest, Central Asia ’s steppe and desert, and the Altai and Sayan mountains all occur here. Steppe plants from Kazakhstan grow beside Manchurian steppe flowers.

Forests, which include 140 species of wood and scrubs, cover about 14 million hectares of land constituting nearly 9% of the overall territory. The total forest resources are more than 1.2 billion cub.m. It is estimated that between five and 7 million cub.m of wood grow every year.

The common natural resource is surface and underground water. The total annual water reservoir of Mongolia is 34cub.km and most of it is fresh water. In Mongolia , there are many possibilities of using the water resource properly. Almost 51% of the overall reserves belong to the Arctic Ocean , 12% to the Pacific Ocean basin, and 37% to the Central Asian basin, which has no outlet.